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Strobe Controller
in Machine Vision

Machine vision needs well-defined illumination. Good image quality is a core requirement for fast digital
image processing. Strobe controllers drive the lighting to make sure the the camera finds a well illuminated object.

Is there a reason for strobe controllers?

For automated image processing, shifting illumination conditions might turn out as massive obstacles. Therefore a machine vision core requirement is a well defined illumination. Strobe controllers guarantee the perfect illumination of the object. This helps to improve speed and reliability of the machine vision process - and has a positive economic effect. Additionally, strobe controllers enable significantly higher light output compared to plain illumination.

Cameras with integrated 4 channel strobe controller (245)

Strobe Controller as Illumination Control

Strobe controller drive the illumination

Typical setup for object illumination in machine vision for avoiding shadows and reflexions

If an industrial camera should take an image, in the first place there needs to be an illuminated object. Proper illumination is the basis for a camera image with following character:

  • highest brightness in machine vision evaluation
    area close to pixelvalue 245 (8-bit)
  • lowest brightness in machine vision evaluation
    area close to pixelvalue 5 (8-bit)
  • avoid shadow
  • Importand area and details should be visible in
    a medium intensity

For avoiding motion blur with (fast) moving objects, it is best to choose short exposure times. Typical exposure times are in the range of milliseconds or microseconds. As a drawback, the shorter the exposure time, the more light is required to illuminate the object.

LED lighting in machine vision

Nowadays LED lights are used nearly solely. They provide a long lifetime, they're up to their maximum luminous flux very quickly after power on, they feature a high efficiency factor and a small construction form. The emitted light does show a constant spectral curve without big variations with different power drain or in lifespan.

Optical emission of LED light sources is proportional to electrical current. The current is basis for the emitted amount of light as well as thermal dissipation power. Showing a proportional light output over a wide mid range of operating conditions, LEDs do have significant differences in maximum parameters and low power switching thresholds. Thus it makes sense to regulate via the current and not the voltage of the LED light source. This is the domain of the strobe controller.

Main features of a strobe controller

In general, a strobe controller is controlling power on and off of the attached light as well as the light source's brightness. Nearly exclusively, it is connected regulating the current, what means the LED's current can be adjusted precisely. Power on and off of the LED has to be synchronous with exposure time of the camera. Normally, the camera's EXPOSURE signal is used for this.

The main functionality of a strobe controller are:

  • adjust light intensity with current
    By adjusting the electrical current the LED brightness is adjusted
  • adjust light intensity with voltage
    by adjusting the voltage the brightness of the LED source will change as well (not recommended)
  • power on and off of the LED (variable)
    The camera shows its EXPOSURE signal. The light will be powered on and off according to this signal
  • power on and off of the LED (fixed)
    The camera trigger signal is used to power on the LED lighting for a preadjusted amount of time (can be used for high power applications with LEDs needing a long time to come up). This mode can be used as exposure control as well.

Some controllers provide additional features as adjustable current ramps, delays, sequences, recognizing of LED head and stuff.

Std lighting setup with strobe controllers

Overdrive of LED lighting

A special benefit of strobe controller is the ability to overdrive the LED in flash mode. As being said, LEDs are sensitive to heat. If dissipation power makes them overheat, they will die. Because of this the LED manufacturer's notice regarding maximum current should be taken into account. As the dissipated thermal power is an integral over time, there is the possibility to drive the LED with a current significantly higher than the manufacturer's spec. The on-time should be as short as possible then. The result will be higher light flux, but the lifespan might be affected negative.

Benefit of LED overdrive

As explained above, while ON the LED is running with an electrical current much higher than the LED's spec. Because of current and light flux are proportioanl, the light output is higher as well. While the camera is not exposing, the LED is dark and can cool down again. The result is a higher light intensity while exposure of the camera.

Short exposure times are preferrable to avoid blur effects. This creates the request for more light. So LED overdrive often comes in quite handy.

PWM Strobe Controller

Standard strobe controllers are controlling voltage or current of the LED - emitting a lot of disipation power themselves. PWM strobe controllers are based on a different principle: The light intensity of the LED is adjusted by pulse width modulation (PWM). The PWM controller does not affect the maximum current but is powering on and off the LED (with very high frequency). Brightness of the LED results by the percentage of the ON time. The electrical current is maximum current, always, according to Ohm's law I = U / R. Depending on the LED spec, a shunt resistor might be necessary to drive a LED lighting equipment with a PWM controller. Hardly any dissipation power is created on the controller side.

Advantages of PWM drive

  • extremely fine grained light intensity regulation (with pulses down to the nano seconds range)
  • hardly any thermal power dissipation (long lifetime)
  • creates the possibility to do exposure control via light regulation

Disadvantages of PWM drive

  • A shunt resistor might be necessary

 

With the innovative 4IO concept SVS-Vistek created cameras with integrated PWM strobe controller.

Industrial cameras with integrated strobe controller

Industrial cameras always have the same task, taking similar images all the time (take same image with well defined illumination). As you always need a light controller together with the camera, it does make sense to integrate the strobe controller into the camera.

Advantages of a light controller integrated in the camera are

  • much less effort in terms of field cabling, thus promising more reliable long term operation
  • no external strobe controller necessary (economic aspect)
  • no strobe controller SDK has to be integrated into the application software
  • in the long term aspect, do dependency to the availability of a specific controller
  • minimize space requirements for camera together with controller and lighting
  • less components improve transparency in long term maintenance

Being part of the 4IO concept, SVS-Vistek is providing cameras with integrated multi channel PWM strobe controller already for years. With a maximum current of 3 Ampere (see specs) this makes them suitable for more than 90% of today's applications. System integrators like the possibility to access camera and strobe controller with a single SDK.

This does result in transparent, slim applications: In terms of space, in field cabling as well as in programming and - finally - in pricing.

Illumination setup with integrated strobe controllers